Fenghuang Dancong tea, a prized specialty from Chaozhou City in Guangdong Province, is a national geographical indication product of China. Originating in Fenghuang Town, which is named after the famous Fenghuang Mountain, this tea boasts a history spanning over 900 years. It is cherished for its unique qualities, captivating fragrance, and rich cultural legacy.
Historical Significance and Legends
According to historical records, the history of Fenghuang Dancong tea dates back to the late Southern Song Dynasty. It is believed that during this period, the crown prince Zhao Bing, who later became Emperor Duanzong of Song, fled to Wuding Mountain, where he was offered tea made from the “Hongyin” cultivar. The tea not only quenched his thirst but also refreshed him. In honor of this event, the tea was named “Song Tea,” and it eventually became known as “Songzhong” tea, also referred to as “Bird’s Beak Tea.”
Another legend associated with Fenghuang Dancong tells the tale of a phoenix that brought tea leaves to the emperor. The story goes that when the Song Emperor was thirsty, a phoenix fetched tea leaves with its beak to prepare a refreshing tea for him. As a result, it is also known as “Bird’s Beak Tea.”
During the late Qing Dynasty, particularly during the reigns of Tongzhi and Guangxu (1875-1908), the tea farmers embarked on a journey to enhance the quality of tea production. This era marked a turning point when careful observation, selective cultivation of superior tea trees, and innovative production techniques came into play. A unique method was adopted, focusing on single-plant harvesting, single-plant tea production, and single-plant sales, thus leading to the emergence of Fenghuang Dancong tea.
Fenghuang Dancong tea’s history can be divided into phases, which include its inception, propagation, and naming. It originated on Fenghuang Mountain, and for many years, it was called “Fenghuang Dancong Tea.” These 900-year-old tea trees hold an extraordinary heritage, with some of them being more than 600 years old.
Varieties of Fenghuang Dancong
The production of Fenghuang Dancong tea employs a meticulous process, combining handcrafting with some mechanical elements. This tea undergoes six key processing steps: sun-drying, air-drying, shaping, fixation, rolling, and roasting. These careful procedures yield over ten distinctive aromatic types and more than 80 sub-varieties of this exceptional tea. Some of the most notable aromatic profiles include Cinnamon, Yellow Twig, Honey Orchid, and more.
Brewing Method of Fenghuang Dancong
To prepare the perfect cup of Fenghuang Dancong tea, follow these steps:
- Select Your Tea Set: Start by selecting your tea set. A white porcelain Gaiwan (lidded cup) with a capacity of about 80ml is recommended for the most authentic experience.
- Rinse and Warm Your Tea Set: Rinse your tea set with hot water to ensure it’s clean and then warm it by pouring hot water into it.
- Measure the Tea: Use 5-7 grams of Fenghuang Dancong tea leaves, although you can adjust this amount based on your preference for a stronger or lighter brew.
- Pour Hot Water: Bring the water to a boil and pour it into the Gaiwan. The water temperature should be 100°C (212°F). Pour the water along the edges of the Gaiwan to evenly wet the tea leaves.
- Steep and Pour: Allow the tea to steep for about 5 seconds. Fenghuang Dancong tea should be quick to brew, and it’s recommended to avoid over-steeping. After the short steeping time, pour the tea into your cup, making sure not to leave any liquid in the Gaiwan.
- Savor the Aroma and Flavor: Take a moment to inhale the delightful aroma of your tea. The taste of Fenghuang Dancong tea can be appreciated hot or at a slightly lower temperature, and both approaches offer distinct characteristics.
Health Benefits of Fenghuang Dancong Tea
- Cooling and Rejuvenating: Fenghuang Dancong tea is a popular choice during hot summer months. It can help cool the body, quench thirst, and boost alertness. This tea aids in sweating, cooling, and providing a refreshing feeling during sweltering days.
- Stomach-Friendly: Unlike some other teas, Fenghuang Dancong is gentle on the stomach. It is believed to aid digestion, improve appetite, and promote overall digestive health.
- Immune System Support: Fenghuang Dancong tea is not only a delightful beverage but also offers potential immune-boosting properties. It can enhance cell proliferation, assist in maintaining immune system balance, and contribute to overall well-being.
In conclusion, Fenghuang Dancong tea is a treasured gem in the world of oolong teas. Its rich history, distinct varieties, and potential health benefits make it a unique and delightful choice for tea enthusiasts. With its captivating aroma and complex flavors, this tea is not only a beverage but a journey through time and tradition. Enjoying a cup of Fenghuang Dancong tea allows you to savor the essence of Guangdong’s tea culture and its centuries-long legacy.
